Migrant & Refugee News (English & Burmese)24-09-2009
Sep 24th, 2009
HEADLINES
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NEWS ON MIGRANTS
4 Gardens of migrant workers who applied for border passport had confiscated by authorities
Scenario precarious for women migrants
NEWS ON REFUGEES
Burmese refugee hospitalized on suspicion of A(H1N1) infection
Livelihood consequences of SPDC restrictions and patrols in Nyaunglebin District
Security concerns for new refugees in Tha Song Yang: Update on increased landmine risks
Rat infestation compounds Chin food crisis
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NEWS ON MIGRANTS
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4 Gardens of migrant workers who applied for border passport had confiscated by authorities
The agricultural plantations of 4 migrant workers who gave their details to the Burmese authorities in order to get a passport were confiscated a week ago.
The plantations, located in Burma are owned by migrants living in Thailand and were confiscated by the Burmese authorities. Ma Aye Hlaing who works in Surat Thani described how this happened, “I made call to my friend, 4 of them including Ma Mi Win owned gardens had been confiscated that what I knew. Due to making passport process and that have to give your Burma address detail and when authorities know the owners are working at Thailand and asked Tax for the lands. For those take care the land cannot pay tax and so those land had been confiscated. Many now tried to communicate to their families members who working in Thailand. At the beginning they thought passport making process is good but now knowing it was really bad. One of them a little bit clever and reply through parent that, cannot pay Tax for the moment but will absolutely return before 2010 election so her land is pardon from confiscation”.
Many migrant workers residing in Thailand have invested money in gardens and farm lands in Burma so they can have a secure livelihood if and when return from Thailand.
Ma San from Jaktaw village who is also aware of this situation said; “My elder brother from village phoned me. The government servants came and asked for Tax. We, the families here would face trouble. Don’t tell parents name, exact address. 4 gardens now been confiscated. Don’t make the passport if you are not sure; he said. We are filled all correct data so we are now in trouble”.
Ko Ah Naing originally From Thayetchaung village, Burma said; “the township authorities came down to our village and told that for those people who made passport would ask to return for voting. All of them must return, if some of those not return, their homes and lands would be confiscated. 35 of us including me here in our work already applied for passport and we all now are worry. Our parents, brothers and sisters from village phoned and told us.”
This land confiscation, coupled with the previously documented arrests of migrants applying for passports is leading to widespread fear and unrest in the Thai Burmese migrant population.
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Scenario precarious for women migrants
Vitit Muntarbhorn, 22/09/2009 at 12:00 AM
Globalisation implies a greater integration of the international system from the angle of faster communications and information, and greater liberalisation of trade in goods, services, capital and investment flows.
However, a recurrent question is to what extent globalisation enables migration to take place in an orderly and balanced manner, with due regard to the rights of migrant workers, especially women who now constitute a large part of the work force?
Currently, the answer is somewhat ambiguous in that today’s global system seems more ready to liberalise the flows of goods, services, capital and investment, rather than migration itself which is often seen as a challenge to national sovereignty and ethnic sensibility. The rules and agreements which have been evolved under the World Trade Organisation (WTO), an organisation closely linked with globalisation, have confirmed that trend.
In this context, it is necessary to see the migration issue from three angles: white collar workers (skilled labour), blue collar workers (unskilled labour) and “no collar workers,” namely those who cross borders clandestinely and who often land up in exploitative situations.
White collar workers can cross borders to work in other countries quite easily, and under the WTO, this often takes place under the umbrella of opening up markets to services, thus enabling women executives and skilled workers to provide services in other countries.
With regard to blue collar workers, there are large numbers working outside their country of origin, such as maids. The arrangements are at times bilateral, at times regional. Multilaterally, while a comprehensive agreement is lacking on the liberalisation of migration flows, there are some international standards in the form of treaties which offer protection to those on the move by safeguarding their rights; these have been propelled particularly by the United Nations, in particular through the International Labour Organisation (ILO) as a specialised agency.
Yet the scenario facing women migrants is precarious for a number of reasons. First, increasingly it is evident there is a feminisation of the labour flows, with women landing up in many jobs which exemplify the 3 D’s of work – dirty, dangerous and degrading. The Progress of the World’s Women Report 2008-09 observes that over the last decade, more than 200 million women have joined the global labour force, and they often land up in labour-intensive and low-paying activities such as subsistence agriculture, domestic work and the clothing industry. Employers see women workers as free from the “fixed costs” of an organised labour force, such as basic minimum wages – particularly equal pay for equal work and social security guarantees. Women are thus more susceptible to discrimination and exploitation.
Second, many countries have shied away from becoming parties to international treaties for the protection of migrant labour, thus preferring to retain their discretion in dealing with migration issues without international scrutiny. In particular, there have been few accessions to the 1990 UN Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their families. This treaty guarantees the basic rights of all migrant workers whether they are documented or undocumented. While documented workers are guaranteed more rights than undocumented workers, the latter still enjoy key rights under the treaty such as the right to life and humane treatment and their right to seek redress, such as payment for their work even if they are part of the illegal migrant labour. The lack of accessions to this treaty testifies to the lack of political will globally to liberalise migration flows with safeguards for migrant welfare, even though many countries are short of workers and have to import foreign labour.
Third, in the debate concerning whether to open up to migration, the environment behind the migration should not be overlooked. Often it is the lack of choice in their homesteads – lack of opportunities, lack of income, lack of access to jobs and other productive activities which push people to leave and to seek opportunities elsewhere. This is particularly poignant for women who, more often than not, trail behind men in the availability of choices and accessibility to livelihood.
Fourth, regionally many Free Trade Areas (FTAs) have come into existence, opening up markets to trade in goods, services and capital. While white collar workers have benefited from this, blue collar and no collar workers are in a more tenuous situation.
Several export processing zones (EPZ) have grown which offer the benefits of easier trade, but without concurrent guarantees of labour rights. This has meant the lowering of labour standards on minimum wages for work and respect for worker rights, particularly women. Moreover, there has been little assessment of how FTAs impact on women in the localities in general and women migrant workers in particular. In one Caribbean country noted by the Progress of the World’s Women Report, it has been shown that job losses outweighed the benefits from the FTA, with women losing out in the process.
Fifth, Thailand has faced the migration issue particularly by opting for the registration of foreign migrant labour and concluding bilateral a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with all of its immediate neighbours. These MOUs are based on the premise that migrants can enter Thailand to work if there is a labour shortage in relation to relevant sectors and there is an official channel for them to come into the country through official channels in neighbouring countries. If they enter legally and pay the relevant contributions, they have access to medical and other benefits as part of the social security programme offered by the destination country. However, as clandestine migrant labour is an enormous issue in the country, a key challenge is how to address the issue effectively and humanely.
In addition to the prescription of registration of migrant labour introduced by Thailand several years ago, there is now a new law on the employment of alien workers. In 2008, this new law came into effect, with the innovation that unlike previous national laws which listed various types of work in which foreign labour could not be engaged, the new law will list the types of activities open to foreign labour. Employers and foreign employees must also make contributions into a fund which will be used to assist foreign migrant workers to return to their country of origin. However, one anomaly is that law enforcers will be able to arrest foreign migrant workers without a court warrant.
On another front, it should be noted that the Labour Protection Act which was updated also in 2008, does not discriminate between Thais and foreigners in terms of labour rights protection. They all have a right to equal wages. Women and adolescent workers are protected from various types of harmful work. The minimum age of employment is set at 15, while there is protection of those under 18 years of age from certain kinds of dangerous work.
To counter the exploitation and abuse which may affect workers, there are also special laws and policies, such as the law against human trafficking which came into force last year, and the anti-prostitution law. The country’s new National Health Act also opens the door to covering migrant workers in relation to healthcare access. Yet, in spite of these legislative changes, implementation often leaves much to be desired and there is a considerable gap between law and practice, legislation and enforcement.
For the future, various orientations deserve to be highlighted with particular emphasis on the protection of women migrant workers. At the multilateral level, the WTO should be encouraged to promote a sense of responsiveness to labour standards. This can be done, in part, by requesting states which send in their reports under the Trade Policy Review mechanism to include information on labour rights.
Countries should also sign up to the 1990 Migrant Workers’ Convention as well as ILO Conventions, while ensuring that EPZs do not lower labour standards. Various anti-crime treaties such as the Palermo Protocol against human trafficking also voice the need for more global cooperation against transnational crimes.
At the regional level, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) itself should underline more effectively the need to protect migrant labour. On a welcome front, recently Asean adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Migrant Workers. Next month, the Asean Inter-governmental Human Rights Commission will also be set up as the overarching body on human rights in Asean. A related issue is to ensure that the Asean FTA is assessed from the angle of its impact on the situation of local and migrant labourers, with relevant remedies.
Likewise, bilateral agreements on migrant labour in Asean need to abide by international labour standards. Various practices such as the caning of labourers and the expulsion of women migrant labourers who wish to marry the residents of the destination country, are unacceptable practices.
With regard to Thailand, the country should accede to the 1990 Migrant Workers’ Convention and relevant ILO treaties and implement them well. Undocumented migrant labourers should be assisted to access the remuneration to which they are entitled as part of access to justice.
The new law on the employment of alien workers should also be applied to uphold human rights standards, such as the general principle that arrests should only by undertaken with court warrants. Legal and other measures in the anti-crime field, such as those against human trafficking, should abide by the need for gender sensibility and the protection of victims and witnesses from intimidation.
In effect, a key message from the phenomenon of women migrant workers is that “Justice based on Women’s Rights” should be increasingly resonant both locally and globally.
- Vitit Muntarbhorn is a Professor of Law at Chulalongkorn University. He has helped the UN in a variety of capacities, including as an expert, consultant and Special Rapporteur. This article is derived from his speech at the National Platform for Women, Bangkok, Sept 17, 2009.
http://bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/24275/scenario-precarious-for-women-migrants
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NEWS ON REFUGEES
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Burmese refugee hospitalized on suspicion of A(H1N1) infection
by Salai Pi Pi Tuesday, 22 September 2009 18:36
New Delhi (Mizzima) – A Burmese refugee woman in India’s capital New Delhi was taken to hospital on suspicion of being infected with influenza type A (H1N1) on Sunday.
A medical officer at the Safdarjung hospital in New Delhi on Tuesday told Mizzima that the Burmese woman, Ngia Ri Li (25) was admitted at the hospital’s ‘swine-flu casualty’ room, as she was suspected of having positive A (H1N1) virus on Sunday.
“She was given medicine and is under observation,” the officer said, “The report is yet to come. We are waiting.”
Khei Chi, husband of Ngia Ri Li said his wife, who is nine months pregnant, showed signs of slight fever on Friday. Khei Chi and Ngia Ri Li, are Chin ethnics and are living in Sagar Pur in Janak Puri in New Delhi’s western suburbs.
“She got a headache, cough, fever and body ache. Her temperature was fluctuating,” said the husband adding that he rushed her to the hospital on Sunday.
After his wife was admitted to the hospital, Khei Chi was also given Tami flu as prevention. A doctor confirmed that Khei Chi was not infected.
Several hundred Burmese refugees reside in Western Delhi’s suburban areas of Vikaspuri and Janak Puri. While many are recognized as refugees by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), several others are undocumented.
Since the first outbreak, the infection toll in India has drastically increased and according to an IANS report citing Indian Health Ministry, so far a total of 8,000 are infected and the death toll has reached 257.
In early June, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of the flu as a pandemic as the virus is spreading globally.
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Livelihood consequences of SPDC restrictions and patrols in Nyaunglebin District
http://khrg.org/khrg2009/khrg09f15.pdf
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Security concerns for new refugees in Tha Song Yang: Update on increased landmine risks
http://khrg.org/khrg2009/khrg09b10.html
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Rat infestation compounds Chin food crisis
Sept 24, 2009 (DVB)
A mass infestation of rats in western Burma is likely to compound a food shortage in a state that has lost thousands of acres of crops over the past two years, according to local aid workers.
An aid worker in Chin state, which borders India, said that local farmers had reported the ongoing destruction of rice and millet crops by rats.
The infestation was sparked in 2007 by the mass flowering of bamboo, which rats then feed on. The flowering on this scale occurs only once every 50 years.
“We are predicting the same situation [food shortage] as last year and it won’t get better until June next year,” the aid worker said.
“The government is not providing aid but they are not stopping our projects. We are allowed to work here freely,” he said.
According to the Canada-based Chin Human Rights Organisation (CHRO), the fallout from the last mass bamboo flowering in Burma reportedly caused the deaths of 10,000 to 15,000 in India’s neighbouring Mizoram state.
A report released by the United Nation’s World Food Programme (WFP) said that approximately 1700 acres of rice paddy and 1000 acres of millet have been destroyed by rats since 2007. Around 23,000 tons of food aid is needed for the 470,000-strong population of Chin state.
The CHRO said that the crisis has affected seven towns in the region, and 54 have so far died from famine-related illnesses, with children comprising the majority of deaths.
A WFP official in Burma, Swe Swe Win, said that the organization would be running a ‘food for work’ programme in the region, but that “no other component activity will be conducted”.
The WFP had said that the food crisis in Chin state was “worse than any other region visited by the Mission [in Burma]”.
Reporting by Min Lwin
http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=2884
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http://khitpyaing.org/news/Sep09/230909d.php
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http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/news/breaking-newsbrief/3852–h1n1-.html
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???????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? (?????) ????????????????????? (IOM) ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????? (PAB) ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????
???????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????? OPE ???????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? OPE ??????????????????? ????? ? ?????????? DHS ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????
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???????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????..? ?????? ???????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??? ?????????????????? ??????????????? – UNHCR ? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????
?????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????? UNHCR ? ?????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????
??????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????..? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????? … ???????? ????????????????????? … ???????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????..? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????
??????? ??????????? ???????????? .. ??????????????????? ????????..? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????? .. ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????..? ????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? …. ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????
?????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????..? ???????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? UNHCR ? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????
???????????????? ?? ??????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????
???????? ????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????????? UNHCR ??? ????????????????????
…..“ ????????????? ??????????? ????????????´´……..“ ???????????? .. ????´´ ???? ??????????????????????? ?
(???????? UNHCR, JRS ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????)
http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/edop/songpa/3848-2009-09-22-11-20-49.html
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csif;jynfe,f u vlOD;a& 470˜000 ausmftwGuf wESpf pm;eyf&duQmvdktyfcsufu wefcsdef 23˜000 ausmf vdktyfw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? ‘AvsLtufzfyD &efukef±Hk;cGJu y±kd*&rf t&m&Sd a’:aqGaqG0if; u csif;jynfe,frSm ºuGufa=umifhjzpfwJh pm;eyf&duQm tcuftcJa=umifh ‘AvsLtufzfyD u pm;eyf&duQm axmufyHhay;aew,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? csif;jynfe,frSm pm;eyf&duQmtcuftcJ &ifqdkifae&ayr,fh csif;jynfe,f at;csrf;+zdK;aumifpD u aus;&GmwcsKd@rSm qeftdwfawG vSLwmuvGJ&if wjcm; ulnDwmawG r&Sdbl;vdk@ tJ’D tulnDay;a&;0efxrf;u ajymygw,f? “tpdk;&u ypPnf;awGbmawG vSLwmrsKd;awmh r&Sdbl;? ‘gayr,fh usaemfwdk@ vkyfwJh ya&m*suftm;vHk;udk taESmifht,Suf ray;bJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vkyfydkifcGifh ay;w,f?”
http://burmese.dvb.no/textonly/
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